Stereoscopic camera



March 19, 1940.

H. KUPPENBENDER STEREOSCOPIC CAMERA Filed sept; 15. 1958 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Hem w.. y f

QQ NQ MQ www March 19, 1940. H, KUPPENBENDER 2,194,284

STTEREOSCOPIC CAMERA Filod Sept. 15, 1958 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Kappe/Abende# March 19, 1 940- H. KUPPENBENDER STEREOSCOYIC CAMERA Imm sept. 15. 193s 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 I uluvll l L l March 19, 1940. H. KUPPENBENDER STEREOSCOPIC CAMERA Fild Sept. 15, 1938 4 sheets-sheet 4 "HIM Patented Mar. 19,

, y UNITED' sTATEs PATENT ori-ICE BTEBIOBOOIIC (im Helm Iilppenbender.

signor to Zeiss Ikon Dresden,

Drcodcnraermanyial- Aktiengesellschaft.

y Appuemen september is, im. seem Ne. zum

In Germany Decem lclaims.

higher degree than it had' been feasible hereto-l fore.

Another object of the invention is to simplify the actuation of the two shutters while retaining a strictly simultaneous operation of both of them.

It is, furthermore, an object of the invention to facilitate the tensioning of the shutter mechanism through which both of the shutters for the camera are operated.

Another object of the invention is tov combine the operation of tensioning the shutter with the operation of advancing the carrier of the sensitized emulsion from one position to the next exposure position so as to make it impossible to produce successive exposures upon the same area of the carrier.

It is another object of the invention to mount the manipulating element for setting the speed of the shutter in a readily accessible and observable position on the camera and to mount on the same part of the camera also that manipulating member through which the shutter is tripped to effect the exposure at that speed at which the shutter had previously been set. f

With these and numerous other objects in view, an embodiment of the stereoscopic camera forming the subject matter of the present applicationV is illustrated in the accompanying drawings to which reference is made in the following specification.

In the drawings:

Fig. l is a horizontal sectional view through the apparatus;

Fig. 2 is a horizontal sectional view in another plane through the spring motor;

Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view through the apparatus;

Fig. 4 is a ldetail elevation and partly section of the shutter assembly and actuating elements; and

Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional view and partly elevation through the shutter assembly and elements illustrated in Fig. 4.

Figs. 6 to 9 inclusive are detail views.

The casing I of the camera is assembled, in the embodiment illustrated, of a rear 'section la and a front section Ib which may be hel'd in assembled relation by any suitable means, not illustrated. lThe rear section la advisably contains a false rear wall portion which vextends ally supported on the casing is connected parallel to the rear wall proper Aof the section and forms a guideway for the film 4, the false rear wall having lateral extensions projecting towards the forward section. Theextensions are curved, as indicated, to constitute chambers 2 and for the reception of the film spool, not shown, and for the reception of the lm 4, respectively, which winds itself up within the chamber l without requiring any-take-up spool. The false rearwall also is provided with openings and i of approximately the size and shape of a y picture to be produced. 'I'he camera is primarily intended to use a film with marginal perforations as employed in portable motion picture cameras and having a width of about 16 millimeters. It is obvious, however, that the entire apparatus also may be used for films of diiferent dimensions.

The front section |b of theA camera is equipped with lens mountings 1 and 0 respectively, later- -ally spaced from each other a distance corre- 20 sponding approximately to the spacing between the human eyes. These lens mountings and the lenses. not shown, supported therein are in alinement with the openings 0, 8 in the false u rear wall ofthe camera.

'Ihis wall is provided with a guideway for the film feed. 'I'he film 4 is pressed against the wall by a pressure plate urged against the iilm by a bow spring ||2 which is riveted at Ill to the so wall of the casing.

For advancing the illm to make successive exposures, the front wall of the casing carries rotatably mounted thereon near its upper part a manipulating leverll. This lever which is pivctin t e interior of the casing with a relatively large spur gear I4 in engagement with a pinion I0 fixedly secured on a shaft I0 which extends transversely through the casing from the Afront towards the rear.

The main mechanism in the interior of the casing is assembled between two frame plates |0| and |02, which areheld in proper spaced parallel relation by spacing posts, not illustrated, and which also are secured relatively to the casing in some suitable manner. The shaft I0 rotatably extending through both of said plates has fixed thereon at the end projecting from the rear plate |02 a crank arm l0 (Fig. 4). This arm is pro# vided at its free end with a pin |00 projecting into a cam slot |04 of a' lever I0 which is advisably pivoted at |00 to the rear plate |02 substantially in vertical alinement with the axes of rotation of the manipulating lever I2 and shaft I0. It is obvious, therefore, that upon rotation of the shaft u I6, and crank arm I8 connected therewith, a rocking movement is imparted to the lever I9 about its pivotal lsupport 05.

The lever I9 carries at its lower free end a pin |06 (Fig. 5) which enters a vertical slot |01 in a slide plate 20 by means of which the feeding movement of the lm is produced. The slide plate 20 is guided for rectilinear movement in a plane parallel to the rear wall of the vcasing inv guideways |08, I 09, the extent of rocking movement of lever |9 and hence of the lm feed being indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 4.

Slide 20 is provided adjacent one end thereof with a pawl 9, which has a straight operative face, Fig. l, and is rounded at the opposite side. This pawl, furthermore, is resiliently supported on the slide 20 in such manner that upon movement of the slide plate and pawl inv one direction, as for instance, to the right in Fig. l, the pawl entering a Aperforation on the lm 4 will push the lm along over the entire distance of the stroke of the slide 20, while upon return movement of the slide 20 to the left, the pawl 9 will yield and will slip with its rounded face over the film, without exerting any pushing or dragging effect upon the film. The nose of the pawl 9- projects into a horizontal slot of the pressure plate III, as indicated in Figs. 2 and 5.

In order to assure uniform movement of the slide 20,and hence also uniform feeding movement of the film, the crank arm I8 is provided, as shown in Fig. 4, with a sector 96 having teeth IIG at its outer edge, the tooth portion of the sector terminating in a notch II1. A pawl 2| is secured to the rear plate |02 of the frame on a pivot pin 95 and is controlled by a weak spring 91.' Upon rotation of the sector in clockwise direction, Fig. 4, the sector will strike the pawl 2| to turn it about its pivot 95 in anti-clockwise direction, so that the nose of saidy pawl enters between the teeth of the sector 96 and prevents the return movement thereof. Solely when the notch I|1 isin opposition to the pawl 2|, the pawl will again be returned by the spring 91 to the position shown in Fig. 4, and only then return movement 'of the sector 96 to the position shown in said ligure is made possible. This return movement of the crank arm I8 and sector 96 to the position shown in Fig. 4 is induced by the relatively strong spring 23 which is anchored on the rear plate |02 at the pin II5 and is also anchored to the sector 96 at the pin II4.

It is obvious, therefore, that with each manipulation of the lever I2, the lever and thereby also the crank arm I8 must be moved through a uniform angle before it can be returned again to the original position.

The same movement of the manipulating lever I2 also is utilized for tensioning the shutter mechanism of the camera. The shutter mechanism comprises two pairs of blades I0, I I and I', II respectively, to be described belowr.. The shutter actuation is effected by a spring motor I1, and the uniform tensioning of the spring motor is leffected by the manipulating lever I2 in the following way:

Shaft I6, actuated upon manipulation of the lever I2 through the gears I4, I5, carries between plates IOI, |02 loosely the hub |33 of a spring drum |35 having an outer cylindrical ange to which the outer end of the spring |40 is iixedly secured. The inner end of the spring |40 is secured to the hub |31 of the drum |45 which loosely surrounds the drumV |35.` The drums |35, |45,

therefore, constitute the housing of the spring motor I1.

The closure plate |39 of the inner drum |35 carries a pawl 21 pivotally mounted thereon and adapted under action of a spring I3| to engage a ratchet 26, Fig. 3, which is xed relatively to the shaft I6.

Upon manipulation of the lever I2, rotation will be imparted through the gears I4, I5 to the shaft I6 and the/ratchet 26, whereby owing to the pawl 21 the drum |35 is rotated, so that the spring |40 is tensioned, provided the other end of the spring is held against movement. Return rotation of the spring drum |35 is prevented owing to the provision of a holding pawl 28 which is pivotally secured to a pin I4I on the front frame plate IOI and is urged by a spring |44 to engage ratchet teeth |43 cut into a cylindrical flange of the inner drum, so that the latter can be rotated clockwise only, Fig. 3.

The shutter blades I0, I I, I0', II are arranged in pairs, and in the following, the left hand pair of blades I0, II, Fig. 4, is described with the understanding that the right hand pair I0', II has identical parts indicated by. corresponding index reference characters.

The blade I0 comprises an elongated arm |20 and a head I2I extending at right angle thereto. The head I2I is provided midway between its Y upper and lower edge with a notch |22 having a semi-circular inner portion and opening in the outer edge of head |2I. Here its width is equal to the diameter of the semi-circular part. The blade II also is provided with an elongated arm |23 and with a head |24, The blades I0, II are disposed with the heads |2I, |24 overlapping each other and in frictional engagement, while the arms are almost in the same plane. The head |24 of the blade is provided with a circular opening |25. From Fig. 4, it will be seen that the overlapping area of the heads I2I, |24 is large enough to obstruct the passage Aof light to the exposure window 5, the head I 24 blocking the light through the inner part of the notch, while the head |2| blocks the circular aperture |25.

Upon movement of the blade I 0 to the right and blade II to the left, the semi-circular edge of the notch |22 may register with the right hand part of the circular opening |25, whose left hand part is then free of obstruction, s that the. light from the lens in the mounting 1 may reach the film through the opening 25 and window 5. The blades I0', II are similarly constructed and similarly movable simultaneously in opposite directions. Rectilinear movement of the blades may be assured by guide pins projecting from the rear plate |02 against the upper and lower edges of these blades (not shown).

A lever 35 is riveted to a bushing |28, Fig. 5, loosely supported by the shaft I6 to the rear of the spring motor I1. l This lever is provided adjacent opposite ends with pins |26, |21 for the pivotal attachment of the shutter blades thereto, the upper pin holding the arms |23, and the lower pin |21 serving for the attachment of the arms |20, |23. Means may be provided (not shown) for permanently retaining the blades of each pair in close superimposition at the overlapping portions.

A rocker 31 which is pivotally secured near its lower end at I 35 to the rear frame plate |02 engages near its upper end the pin |26 of lever 35 by means of a bifurcated portion |29.

annessa The spring motor |1 is released to operate the shutter in the following way: A shutter actuating button 25 moimted on 'top of the camera controls a post |53 which normally is pressed upward by a helical spring 33 surrounding the post, as known from similar shutter releases. nie lower end of post |53 is provided with a laterally projecting pin 35 entering a slot |52 at the rear endof a lever 23. 'I'his lever is pivoted intermediate its ends on a post |5| projecting from the rear frame plate |32, 'whereby a nose at the iront end of the leverv23 is normally' constrained into one of a series. of suitable openings 233 circumferentially spaced on the nange of the outer spring drum |45. The spring 33, urging the rear end of the lever 23 upwardly will hold the nose of the lever in engagement with a radial wall ot the respective notch 233. Upon release of the nose from the notch, spring.v |43 immediately will impart rapid rotation to the drum |43, until it is stopped.

The means for limiting the rotation of the drum |45 are formed by a lever assembly 3|, 3|',

' of which lever 3| is pivoted at |53 adjacent its rear end to the frame plate |32. A tongue |53 projecting laterally from the lever 23 underlies a pin 32 projecting from the lever section 3|, whereby normally this arm 3| is held slightly raised. The lever 3| has anvoiiset at |55, and lever 3|' is longitudinally slidable with respect to the lever 3|, the latter being provided with slots |32 into which pins riveted to lever 3| project. 'Ihe slidable lever 3|' terminates in a hook which, therefore, is normally slightly raised from the circumference of the drum |45. A spring |33 anchored at the offset part |55 of lever 3| and connected with a pin on lever 3|' permits a sliding movement of lever 3|', whereby the impact of a notch against the nose of lever 3|' is resiliently absorbed. The openings 233 are in axial direction dimensioned to permit the nose of the lever 23 as well as the nose of the lever 3 to enter therein; the notches or openings intended for engagement by the nose oi' the lever 34, however, are circumferentially onset with respect to the openings 233 intended for the hooks of the levers 23 and 3|'.

Depending upon the selected exposure time, the unwinding of spring |43v will be continued with greater or smaller velocity, and the stoppage of the spring motor |1 will be effected through the entry of the nose of lever 3 i into one of the notches 233 of the drum |45.

The selection of the exposure time or setting o! the shutter speed is effected from a knob 3 which is rotatably mounted on the front wall of the casing and which in a known way brings a pointer or index into selective association-with 'speed indications on a dial, an arrangement 'which is well understood in this art.

The knob |3 here shown in coaxial relation to the manipulating lever I2 is fixedly connected ith a cam 33 inwardly of the front frame plate with several projecting lobes, is held in engagement with a pin |13 formed on a lever 43 which is fixed on a shaft |1| supported in the frame plates |3|, |32. The shaft |1| also supports in fixed relation to cam lever 43 another cam lever 43, Fig. 3, which carries a gear sector 4| and also is provided with a single projecting tooth |15.

It is evident, therefore, that upon rotation of the knob n, the cani ,n is imparteda selectively deiined lposition that the arm 43 urged conthfliuously ainst the'cam 33 by spring |12 This cam, as shown in Fig. 3, providedl also is adjusted thereby, transmitting the adjustment to the lever 43 and the tooth |15 thereof.

The rear wall of the outer spring drum |45 is united by rivets or the like, as shown in Figs. 2 and 5, with a ratchet plate 33. This ratchet plate is of substantially square shape and has at each corner a projectingl tooth |11 located in the plane of the tooth |15 of the sector lever 43. While, therefore, upon setting of the knob I3 a partial rotation may be imparted to the cam 33 to be frictionally transmitted to the lever 43, the shaft |13 and the sector lever 43, thev drum of the spring motor |1 cannot be rotated until the locking le'ver 23 is moved to release position by the actuation of the shutter release button 25.v The stopping tooth |15 will, therelfore, be given a setting at a certain distance from the next adjacent tooth |11 of the ratchet stop .plate 33 which is united-with the drum |45.

A cam plate 36 also is riveted or otherwise united with the bottom of the spring drum |45, and this cam plate 35 controls the movement of the rocker 31 through which the shutter operating lever 35 and hence the shutter blades .are actuated. As will be seen from, 1=ig.4, the rocker 31 is provided at two approximately diagonal pointswith pins |3I, |32 which engage the edge of the cam plate 33, whereby this rocker is forcibly rocked back and forth about its lower pivotal support on the rea; frame plate |32. It

is obvious that the movement imparted by the' bifurcation |23 of the rocker to the lever 35 will swing this lever about the axis of the shaft I5 forth and back to a suillcient extent to bring the heads of the shutter blades I3, ||.and -|3, respectively, into such relation that the light will pass through the temporarily unobstructed openings |25 and aifect the illm to the rear of the windows 5, 3 and willvthen again cause the heads of the blades I3, and I3', I I' to overlap to such extent that they will obstruct said passage of light.

The shutter speed setting knob I3 also is united with a pinion 43 in engagement with a rack |33 at the lower edge of a rack bar 53 which,

, as shown in Fig. 3, is guided for rectilinear movement by pins |53 secured to the rear frame plate |32 and projecting through a straight slot |54 in the extended portion of the rack bar. Each setting of the exposure adjusting knob i3, therefore, also will induce a longitudinal displacement of the rack bar 53. The gear sector of the lever 43 is in engagement with a pinion 42 loosely mounted on a post |55 projecting from the rear frame plate |32, and this pinion is united with a spur gear 44 in engagement with another pinion 4 5 mounted on another post |51 likewise projecting from the rear plate |32. The pinion 45 is fixed to an escapement wheel 43, and while, therefore, the strong spring acting onlever 43 normally has a tendency to rock the lever back to initial position, this rocking movement will be controlled through the escapement mechanism just described.

'Ihe anchor 46 of the escapement mechanism is mounted for rocking movement on a `pin |33' 'secured to a bracket |3| which 'is-fixed to the vals ing a pin 61 by means of which said secondary anchor 41 may enter a guide slot 68 in a bracket |69 suitably secured to a part of the camera housing.

tance from the circumference of the drum |45. l

The lever 34 also is provided with a lateral projection |41 adapted to overlie the upper edge of the rack bar 5I), but when this rack bar through the actuation of the pinion 49 has been displaced a certain distance, the lateral projection |41 terminating in a sharp point will drop into the notch |30 of the rack bar.

As in other cameras, the present camera also is provided with means for indicating the num ber of exposures made. An exposure counter is mounted at 24 on the top of the camera for actuation with each winding movement of the spring motor. The ratchet 26 pinned to the shaft I6 is here shown to be firmly connected with a crank arm 5| to the outer end of which a link 52 is pivotally secured. This link extends angularly upwardly and is provided at the end with a laterally deflected portion |32. It is secured at this portion to a ring disc 53 which is rotatable about the post 51 of the exposure counter 24. The ring disc 53 serves as carrier for a pawl 54, the free end of which is spring pressed against a. tooth of a ratchet 55 at the lower end of a bushing |34L surrounding a sleeve |35 which is integral with the disc |36 of the exposure counter 24. A frictional connection is interposed between the bushing and the sleeve whereby upon each rotary step imparted to the ratchet 55, a similar rotary step is rnparted to the disc I 36. The latter may be provided with markings traveling past a fixed indicator mark, not shown, on the top of the camera to permit the reading of the exposures made. A- spring 56 serves for preventing return movement of the bushing I 34 and 'for retaining the frictional clutch engagement between said bushing and the counter disc.

Means' are, furthermore, provided for preventing the accidental double or multiple exposure on the same lm area necessitating the feeding operation on the film to be carried out before the shutter release button again can be actuated. A`

lever 60 is pivotally mounted on the link 52 Aby means of the pivot pin 59. This lever has a projecting nose 58 which is forced into engagement with a pin 62 on the link 52 by means of a spring 8| engaging at its free end the top of the nose 58. 'I'he lever 60 is offset between its free end and its pivot pin 59, as indicated in Fig. 1, and the free end portion of the lever engages a lateral projection 66 of another lever 63 which is pivotally secured at 64 to the rear frame plate. This lever 63 is united by the pivot pin 64 projecting through the rear frame plate with a lever 10 having a deflected portion constrained by a relatively strong spring IIB toa predetermined angular position to the rear of said frameV plate.

' Owing to the fixed connection of the leve'r 10 from the nose of the lever 60. the latter is rocked in clockwise direction about its pivot 59,

. thereby withdrawing its rear end from the lateral underneath the projecting pin of the post for the shutter release button 25 and preventing Athereby the repeated operation of the shutter release button before an advance of the film has been eifected.

Upon turning the shutter speed setting button I3, the operator also rotates the lever 43, thereby controlling the extent towhich the escapement mechanism enters into operation when the shutter is released.

Upon release of the shutter by depression of the shutter release button 25, the lever 29 is moved out of a holding notch provided in the plane of movement of the lever 29 on the circumference of the drum |45. The spring motor I1, therefore, begins to operate, the disc 38 engages by means of a tooth on one of its corners the tooth 43 of the sector lever 4I turning thereby said sector, to the angular extent determined by the adjustment of the cam 39. The escapement comprising the escapement wheel 46 and escapement anchor 46 is actuated through the train of gears 42, 44, 45, and in this manner thespeed at which the spring motor is unwound and at which the shutter blades I0, II and I0', Il' respectively are actuated is determined. The escapement will haveV a retarding iniiuence upon the movement of the shutter, and eventually the secondary escapement 41 may be employed for this purpose.

Uponv rotation of the shutter speed setting button I3, the pinion 49 connected therewith also will actuate the rack bar 50, which rack bar is connected with the additional escapement anchor 41. The extent of movement of the rack bar 5U is determined by the distance between the. projection on the lever 34 and the notch on the rack bar.

The spring drum also is provided with a series of circumferential notches in the plane of movement of the lever 3|. Owing to the downward movement of the lever 29 induced by the shutter button 25, the lever 3| is releasedvfrom its raised position and drops into the next succeeding notch in its Plane of movement on the spring drum I 45. Hence, in snapshot exposures, the movement of the drum is determined by the circumferential spacing of the notch from which the lever 29 is released to the notch into which the lever 3| is caused to enter under the action of the strong spring on said lever. When ythen the shutter button 25 is released subsequent to the movement of the spring motor, the holding lever 29 again returns into another notch on the circumference of the spring drum in that series of notches which is located in the plane of the lever 29.

For taking time exposures in which the lens remains uncovered. for a period during which the lshutter button 25 remains'depressed, the third4 of the levers, namely, the lever 35 is utilized. Upon setting the timing knob I3 for time exposures, the rack bar is adjusted to bring the notch thereon into opposition to the projection on the lever 34. When -then the shutter button 25 is depressed, the lever 34 has already been lowered owing to the entry into the notch of the rack bar into one of the notches on the vcircumference of the spring drum. Hence. in

time exposures, the spring drum upon opening Y a camerahousing, a pair oi spaced lens mount'- ings, a pair of shutters for the lenses of said 'mountings, rotary means disposed between said lens mountings for setting the shutters selective1ybothtothesamespeed,andmeanscoaxial with said shutter setting means for tensioning theshutters uniformly.

2. In a stereoscopic camera, the combination of a camera housing, a pair of spaced lens mormtings, a pair of shutters for the lenses of said mountings, rotary means disposed between said lens mountings for setting the shutters selectively bothtothesamespeed,means coaxialwithsaid shutter setting means for tensioning the shutters uniformly, and means coaxial with said rotary shutter setting meansfor tensioning the shutters and for transporting the iilm.

3. In a stereoscopic camera, the combination of a camera housing, a pair of spaced lens mountings, a pair of shutters for the lenses of said mountings, rotary means disposed between said lens mountings for setting the shutters selectivelybothtothesamespeed,meanscoaxialwith said shutter setting means for tensioning .the shutters uniformly, a single spring between said lens mountings in th'e housing, means coaxial with the shutter setting means for tensioning the spring, and means for transmitting the untmsioning movement of said spring to both shutters.

4. In a stereoscopic camera, the combination of a camera housing, a pair of spaced lens mountings, a `pair of shutters for the lenses in said mountings, each shutter comprising a pair of blades which are movable relatively to each other,

aspringbetweensaidlensmountingsinthe housing, means for tensioning said spring and means for transmitting the untensioning movementofsaidspringtobothbladesofeachpair simultaneously for moving the blades of each pair relatively to each other.

5. In a stereoscopic camera, the combination ofacamerahousing,apairofspacedlensmount ings,apairofshutters for the lensesinsaid mountings, each shutter comprising a pair of blades which are movable rsctilinearly only relativelytoeachother,aspringbetween said lens moimtin'gs in the housing, means for tensioning said spring and means fortransmitting the untensioning movement of said swing to both blades of .each pair simultaneously for moving thebladesofeachpairrelativelytoeachother.

6. In a stereoscopic camera, the combination of a camerahousing, a pair ofspaced lens mountings,apairofshuttersforthelensesinsaid rnoluntingaeachshuttercomprisingapairof` blades which are movable rectilinearly only relatively to each other, a single spiral spring tensionable about a rotary axis, and means for converting the rotary untensioning movement of said spring intora back and forth rectilinear went of each blade of each pair of the shutof a camera housing. a pair oi' spaced lens mount- 7. In a stereoscopic camera, the ,bination ings, a-pairofshutters for the lensesinsaici` rotary means disposed between said lens mountings for setting the shutters selectively both to the same speed, a spring motor within the housinghaving anaxisparalleltothatof-therotary shutter setting means, means coaxial with the shutter setting means for tensioning the spring motor and simultaneously transporting the illm, and means operable in a path independent from saidaxesfor releasingthetensionofthespring of said motor.

8. In a stereoscopic camera, the. combination of a camera housing, a pair of spaced lens mountings, a. pair of shutters for the lenses in said mountings, separate means operable about a common axis for setting the shutters to a selected speed and for tensioning the shutters, and means operable in a rectilinear path for simultaneously tripping'the shutters, said last named means being mountedl outside the path of movement of said shutter tensioning means.

9. In a stereoscopic camera, the combination of a camera housing, a pair of spaced lens mountings, a pair of shutters for the lenses in said mountings, means for selectively setting the shutters to the same speed, means for uniformly tensioning the shutters, and means for simultaneously tripping the shutters, the shutters compris'- ing each a pair of blades, the blades of each pair being guided for rectilinear movement and being movable upon tripping of the shutter in opposite directions to each other, each blade comprising an arm connected with the shutter tripping means and a head, the blades of each pair one directly behind the other, the head of one blade of each pair having an opening and the head of the other blade of each pair having a notch of a sise determined by the opening inthe other blade, said notch and opening in the two blades being arranged in such manner that upon movement of the blades in opposite directions, the notch and opening will enter into registration with each other, and upon return movement will move out of registration.

lil.` In a stereoscopic camera, the combination of a camera housing, a pairof spaced lens mountings, a pair of shutters for the lenses in said mountings, rotary means disposed between said lens mountings for selectively setting the shutters to the same speed, means coaxial with said shutter setting means for tensioning the shutters uniformly, a rotary spring housing operatively connected with said shutters, shutter release means. and `means for holding the spring housing connected with the shutters against movement during operation of the shutter tensioning means and for holding the spring housing connected with the shutter tensioning means -against movement during a release of the shut- 1l. In a stereoscopic camera, the combination ofacamerahousing,apairofspacedlensmount ings, a pair of shutters for the lenses in said mountings, a rotary means disposed between said lens mountings for selectively setting the shutters both to the same speed, means coaxial with said shutter setting means for uniformly tensioning the shutters, a single rotary spring within the housing-and adapted to be tensioned by said shutter tensioning means,'a rotary carrier for said spring, means connected with said rovtary carrier for simultaneously actuating the 'shutters upon release of the tension spring, and

`mountings, each shutter comprising a pair of blades which are movable relatively to each other,

and adapted to be actuated upon movement of the shutter tensioning means, a rotary carrier f or the other end of said spring and adapted to be actuated upon operation of the shutter release means, a rocker to which the shutters are connected, a cam on said last named spring carrier for actuating the rocker, and means also on said last named spring carrier for stopping the untensioning movement of said spring upon said element having traveled through a path determined by the setting of the shutter setting means.

13. In a stereoscopic camera, the combination of a camera housing, a pair of spaced lens mountings, a pair of shutters for the lenses in said mountings, rotary means disposed between said lens mountings for selectively setting the shutters both to the same speed, means coaxial with said shutter setting means for uniformly tensioning the shutters, a spring motor having an axis parallel to the axis of the shutter setting and tensioning means, and means movable about the axis of the spring motor and controlled by said shutter tensioning means for 'imparting rectilinear movement -to the iiim in the camera.

14. In a stereoscopic camera, the combination of a camera housing, a pair of spaced lens mountings, shutters for the lenses in said mountings, rotary means for selectively setting the shutters both to the same speed, and rotary means coaxial with said first named means for uniformly tensioning the shutters and for advancing the lm by exerting a pushing action on a straight portion of the lm.

15, In a stereoscopic camera, the combination of a camera housing, a pair of spaced lens mountings, a pair of shutters, rotary means distensioning the shutters, a im pushing means movable in a rectilinear path between the lens mountings, said last named rectilinear-ly movable film transporting means being controlled by said rotary shutter tensioning means.

16. In a stereoscopic camera, the combination of a housing, a pair of spaced lens mountings, the illm being movable in a plane to the rear of said lens mountings, shutters for the lenses in the mountings, rotary means for setting the shutters to selected speeds, rotary means coaxial with said iirst named means for tensioning the shutters, a slide plate, means interposed between said second means and said slide plate for imparting a rectilinear movement successively in opposite directions to said slide plate upon actuation of said shutter tensioning means, and a member on said slide plate in permanent engagement with the film and adapted to move the ilim rectilinearly upon movement of said slide plate in one direction.

17. In a stereoscopic camera, the combination of a housing, a pair of spaced lens mountings, a single shutter tensioning means operable rotatae bly between said lens mountings from the front of the housing, lm guiding means in the interior of the housing, and means actuated by said rotary shutter tensioning means for pushing'the iiim when said rotary tensioning means is actuated in one direction, and for ineifectively engaging the tllm when said rotary shutter tensioning means is actuated in the opposite direction.

l 18. In a stereoscopic camera, the combination of a camera housing, a pair of lens mountings, a single rotary tensioning means for the shutters ofY the camera, a iiim guide in the interior of the housing, a reciprocable member in the interior of the housing, a plurality of elements iu-y terposed between the rotary shutter tensioning means and the reciprocable film guide for converting the rotary movement of said tensioning means Ainto reciprocating movement of the lm guide, a pawl on said film guide adapted to enter a sprocket hole of the film when said guide is moved in one direction, and adapted to ride over the lm without entering the sprocket holes of the illm when the guide is moved in the opposite direction.

HEINZ KPPENBENDER. 

